Taken together, self-report and emotional analysis imply that the latest message-preparation task created anxiety and you can aerobic reactivity which was notably other out-of standard accounts; these variables failed to will vary based on sex and you will characteristic resilience
To test such hypotheses, Tugade and you may Fredrickson (2004) accumulated carried on steps off aerobic responding of most of the people (N = 57) on a sample price from 1000 Hz. Half a dozen indices of aerobic answering was collected, also (1) heartbeat (HR), (2) digit pulse amplitude (FPA), (3) pulse transmission minutes toward little finger (PTF), (4) heart circulation transmission time for you to the brand new ear canal (PTE), (5) diastolic blood circulation pressure (DBP), and you may (6) systolic blood pressure level (SBP). After a sleep standard, stress try experimentally induced by informing members which they would have sixty sec in order to mentally prepare yourself a presentation for the a home-associated issue. After the 60-sec, speech-thinking task, discover a great step 3-min recuperation months. Players in addition to accomplished care about-account of subjective emotional experience, background negative and positive aura (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1989), and feature strength (Cut off & Kremen, 1996).
Findings revealed that, across the all the players, the fresh new address planning activity produced personal experience away from nervousness and you will develops within the cardio reactivity out of standard (discover Dining table step 1 ). This type of changes mirror task-induced, aerobic arousal, with heartbeat acceleration, increased blood pressure, and you can peripheral vasoconstriction.
Dining table step one
Note. Recreated that have consent regarding the APA. Hour = pulse rate inside sounds for every min; FPA = finger heart circulation amplitude inside the mv; PTF = pulse alert time for you the fresh little finger and you may PTE = https://www.datingranking.net/wyoming-dating heartbeat signal time and energy to this new ear, each when you look at the msec; DBP = diastolic blood pressure and SBP = systolic blood circulation pressure, for every inside the mmHg. Asterices suggest changes notably some other form standard procedures by the contained in this-subject t-examination (df = 55).
Our first prediction was that trait resilience would predict subjective reports of positive emotionality. Results revealed support for this prediction: Trait resilience was positively associated with positive mood as assessed by the PANAS (Watson et al., 1988) (r = .38, p<.01), (but not associated with negative mood). Adding further support to our first prediction, we found that higher trait resilience was associated with more happiness (r = .47, p<.01) and more interest (r = .33, p<.01) during the speech preparation task. To quantify positive emotionality in a single measure, we created a composite index by summing the standardized scores of positive mood and standardized emotion reports of happiness in response to the speech preparation task. 1 As predicted, trait resilience was positively related to the positive emotionality composite index (r = .46, p<.001).
Our second prediction was that psychological resilience would be negatively related with duration of cardiovascular reactivity. We calculated an aggregate index of duration of cardiovascular reactivity (time to return to baseline levels) for each participant by computing the mean duration score across the six cardiovascular indices (for a detailed description of this data-reduction technique, see Fredrickson & Levenson, 1998). As predicted, findings demonstrated that trait resilience was negatively correlated to duration of cardiovascular reactivity (r = ?.26, p<.05), indicating that those with higher trait resilience evidenced faster cardiovascular recovery from negative emotional arousal.
Our final prediction stated that positive emotions would mediate the effect of resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity following the speech-preparation task. The statistical analysis framework suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) was used to test for mediation effects. Findings revealed support for our final prediction: Data indicated that the effect of trait resilience on duration of cardiovascular reactivity was no longer significant when controlling for positive emotionality (Beta = ?.15, t<1, ns) (for full details of the test of mediation, please refer to Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004).
